How does the VNO translate chemical interaction between pheromones and their receptors into changes in membrane potentials and action potentials? We use a variety of electrophysiology approaches to investigate the mechanism of VNO signaling. With patch clamp whole cell, perforated patch, single cell extracellular recording, as well as electro-vomeronasogram (field potential recording), we have discoverd a unusual mechanism of VNO signaling.

    We found that two ion channels, a non-selective cationic channel, Trp2, and a small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, SK3, are responsible for VNO signaling. We also found that the VNO possesses a compartmentalized ionic environment. The mucus in the VNO contains high levels of potassium. This allows potassium influx through the SK3 channels to depolarize the cell upon pheromone activation.